The supermarket industry in UK

The supermarket industry in UK The supermarket industry in UK In UK, there are a huge amount of large supermarkets and people in British are usually go to these kinds of supermarket once a week, for example, Tesco, Sainsburys, ASDA. Even though the supermarket industry in UK is not as well as the supermarket industry in America; however, it is an important part for people who living in British and a large part of supermarket is adopt the chain structure to operate and it is all over the town. Therefore, the marketing mix of the UK supermarket industry can be shown as in four parts. The price in the UK supermarket industry have connection between each firms because the price rigidity. Turning to the place of the UK supermarket industry may build in suburbs or in the city which may benefit for the consumer to choose and it have developed the service which can shop on the internet. And the promotion of the UK supermarket, they may use some advertisement in the website and billboard. This essay will be structured as four parts which is the backgrou nd of the supermarket in UK, the characteristics of oligopoly, the advantages and disadvantages of the market structure for consumer and conclusion. Moreover, the supermarket in UK can be described as an oligopoly market so that the competitive in the UK supermarket industry is very altitudinal. The characteristics of oligopoly can be divided into four parts which is non-price competition, price rigidity, L-shaped average cost curves and collusion. The structure of the oligopoly market is there is a small amount of interdependent firms which compete with each other and it can be used barriers to entry to the industry. Furthermore, the oligopolistic firms may focus on the firms which relative to their industry to consider the supply. (Anderton A, 2004) The important characteristic is the clash between cooperate and self regard. The oligopoly group will produce less goods and gather the price which higher than the marginal cost. Thus, each sellers activity may have a great influence to the other firms profit. (Mankiw N, 2009) In addition, the supermarket industry in UK is similar with the oligopoly structure. Firstly, oligopoly is dominated by few large companies which mean collusion that plan the device and make profit together. Even though the UK supermarket industry is very competitive and beneficial; however, there are four main firms in the industry which play an important role and the other firms will focus on the niche market to exist. The four firms are known as Tesco, ASDA, Sainsburys and Morrisons which are running grocery structure. The big four have become an oligopoly market structure that they have combined share of 76% of the market at the end of 2008. (BBC news, 2010) This can be seen as barriers to entry to the other various smaller companies. According to the BBC news (2010), there are about 50 UK supermarket chains have defunct. Furthermore, the price between each firms have made a price rigidity which will retain a permanent level. The supermarket market structure in UK can be seen as oligopoly market and it have brought the benefits and disadvantages for consumer. Firstly, according to the Tutor2you (2007), non-price competition has play an important role in the sales of supermarket. Because of the highly competitive of the supermarket industry in UK, firms will increase market share and use tactics to sale promotion, such as store loyalty cards, banking and other financial service and extension of opening hours. (Source: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4694974.stm) This figure can be shown that Tesco was dominant in the supermarket share research. Moreover, BBC news (2006) list that Tescos market share remains rising and not only this supermarket but also other supermarkets have an upward tendency such as Sainsburys. It can be seen that the measure that Tesco have use is successful to assist the company. Besides, each firm will bring out there preferential measures and provide to the consumers which can allow them to choose and every measure may have their attraction. Secondly, oligopolistic firms are very superior in the market regularly and production capacity is generally larger which means that the firms have ability to resist the risk and have advanced management technique. It is beneficial to consumers because it have indemnity that consumers can buy with confidence. However, it also bring disadvantage for consumer in two ways. First of all, one of the characteristic of the oligopoly market is interdependence between each company which means one of the companies may consider the reaction of the other firms in the marketing such as making price and some investment decisions. It may obtain the suitable profit that each oligopoly firms would satisfactory with it. Moreover, for the consumer, it may decrease the preference and the price will become indeterminacy because the price may fluctuate by the oligopoly firms. The firms may combined together and gain the monopoly price which can acquire monopoly profits. (Tutor2U, 2007) Firms may also bull operation and it is far beyond the real value of the product. It is bad for consumer because it will und ermine the interest of its consumers. According to the Top retailing (2008), because of the rising price of fuel and food which allow people seek the cheaper price. All in all, based on the characteristic of the UK supermarket and the advantages and disadvantages of the market, the oligopoly structure should pay more attention to the measure which can give people the benefit while they can make the profit. The non-price competitions which can allow consumer seek a high quality and service among the similar price between each supermarket. Company should not in their own interest but also consider the consumer that it should have many considerations such as technical and geographical to improve and perfect the system such as different discounts to the customers. Moreover, company can make a research to identify competitive suppliers, understand the information of supply market and efficient commodity strategy. 4. Reference Anderton A. (2004) Economics (3rded.) Ormskirk, Causeway Press Ltd. [Assets date: Feb, 4th] BBC news (2006), Business Economics (2009), UK supermarkets, oligopolistic competition Oligopoly watch (2003), British grocery oligopoly Structure of industry, the economics of supermarkets Author: Robert P. [Asset date: Feb, 4th] Top retailing (2008), Grocery share Author name: Nesbitt L. Tutor2U (2007), Oligopoly [Asset date: Feb, 5th]

Messiaen’s Quartet for the End of Time - Quator Pour Le Fin Du Temps Es

Messiaen’s Quartet for the End of Time - Quator Pour Le Fin Du Temps Technical and Interpretative Challenges Presented to Performers in Messiaen’s Quartet for the End of Time Olivier Messiaen (1908-1992) played a significant part in the evolution of twentieth-century music, influencing a number of other composers with his innovative compositional techniques. The Quartet for the End of Time, is not one of Messiaen’s typical works due to the circumstances in which it was composed (his main outputs were organ, orchestral and choral works), but it marks the start of the significant use of some of these techniques. In 1940, Messiaen was called up to serve in the army as a hospital orderly, but was soon captured by the Germans and taken to a prisoner-of-war camp. Here, suffering from food deprivation and extreme cold, he had the idea of composing a piece for the End of Time. There were four musicians on the camp – himself (a pianist), a violinist, a cellist and a clarinettist – and so he wrote a quartet. Performers of the work need to consider the circumstances under which the piece was composed and also the reaction it created at the first performance of it. This was in front of the entire prison camp in January 1941 where, says Messiaen, ‘never have I been listened to with such attention and understanding.’ Messiaen had no choice on what instruments the piece was written for, ‘the group of instruments†¦to large to allow the piano to express itself freely, yet too small to obtain†¦variety of timbre,’ and his way around this was to obtain ‘maximum variety of which they are capable.’ By exploiting each instrument in so many different ways to create different timbres, the technical challenges faced by the performers are endless. Musi... ...o performers), Quote 11: demonstrates the need to control the sound when there is a sudden change in articulation. Quote 12: demonstrates the need to be in control of the instrument when faced with an unusual and challenging technique – ‘col legno’ is to use the wooden side of the bow on the cello strings which is particularly difficult for control of intonation. Quote 13: demonstrates the need to be in control of intonation within the ensemble. This is the case in all sections of the Quatuor scored for two or more parts in octaves. Bibliography ed. Hill, Peter, â€Å"The Messiaen Companion† chapter entitled â€Å"The End of Time: a Biblical Theme in Messiaen’s Quatuor ,† (London: Faber and Faber 1995) Johnson, Robert Sherlaw, â€Å"Messiaen,† chapters entitled â€Å"Birdsong,† â€Å"Christianity and Symbolism† and â€Å"The Works of the War Years: Quatuor pour la Fin du Temps (1940-41),†

Polymer Processing

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Analyzing Coastal Management Strategies Essay - 675 Words

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Who Needs Netflix Docos And Cool - 799 Words

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Music as Propaganda in the German Reformation - 1059 Words

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Essay on a Dolls House free essay sample

This use of simple diction becomes very evident to the reader as conversations between specific characters occur. At the very beginning the use of non-human names to refer to Nora becomes a common occurrence. This occurs in the scene where Helmer hears Nora â€Å"bustling about,† and says â€Å"When did my squirrel come home? †(Act 1). Ibsen’s choice of words to refer to Nora emphasized how unimportant women were in that era and even degraded her to the level of a pet, having no authority and dependent on the command of the owner. The owner here is her husband Helmer. Not only did his use of diction imply the explicit inferiority of Nora, the â€Å"doll† in the â€Å"dollhouse,† but he also displays her husband’s image of her as intellectually incapable. This is seen when Nora and Helmer are discussing holiday shopping and Helmer calls her â€Å"The same little featherhead,† for her thoughts on the subject (Act 1). We will write a custom essay sample on Essay on a Dolls House or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Diction as a tool to influence society’s point of view proved to be a powerful technique in â€Å"A Doll’s House. † In addition to the careful use of diction, Ibsen also wrote the play implementing realism. Using realism he appealed to the common person and grabbed the audience’s interest and attention. Gibson used everyday language during the character’s conversations, yet emphasized and at times dramatized specific parts that degraded women and showed their inferior role in society. For example, when Helmer tells Nora â€Å"My little songbird must never do that again. A songbird must have a clean beak to chirp withno false notes,† this showed how wrong it was for women to do anything behind a man’s back and also degraded once again a woman’s intelligence by speaking to Nora as if she was a child and this was the only way she would understand her supposedly â€Å"wrongdoing† (Act 1). This dramatization of certain events can also be seen in Act 2 where Nora tries to persuade her husband to give Krogstad his position back and he makes it clear he is capable of making his own decisions and her opinion doesn’t matter because at that moment he hands Krogstad’s dismissal letter to be delivered. Nora being the wife, whose role is only to serve her husband and take care of the children, has an opinion of no value in the household. Lastly, Ibsen also chooses a specific setting for his play to take place in. A Doll’s House,† is set in a household that was common in that Victorian era and is many times still seen in our present day. Nora is portrayed as the submissive wife of the house, seen as constantly in need of â€Å"someone to come to her rescue,† a pretty face, a mother to her children, and a woman with no individual identity, and basically the property of her husband. Helmer is the man of the house, the authority figure, the decisio n maker, having to protect and direct his fragile wife and also intellectually superior to Nora. By portraying the main character’s in this environment, Ibsen’s audience is more capable of connecting with the story and understanding the true role women had during that time period. Ibsen’s play was controversial because he challenged the norms society had on women. Through his play â€Å"A Doll’s House,† that included a careful selection of diction, the use of realism as the main writing style, and the all-important setting of the play, he strived to modify his readers’ feminist views and their thoughts on what the role and place of a woman should be.