My ecological footprint

My ecological footmark per centum is 70.82 % . We would necessitate 4.51 Earths if everyone had the life style that I lead. The consequences made me experience concerned because my footmark is below norm by about 20 per centum, which seems like a batch to me. I was surprised that my consequences were so hapless because I think of myself as person who is environmentally witting. I do non litter by throwing refuse on the street. If a refuse can is non handily located by me, I carry the refuse with me until I can happen a refuse can. Because of small things like this, I was surprised that my ecological footmark is so low. That is why I think this was a worthwhile assignment because it educated me about how environmentally friendly I am. I would realistically cut down my footmark by about 25 % by utilizing cleaner conveyance. Normally I drive whenever I need to travel someplace, but I think from now on whenever possible, I will take the Metro Transit coach alternatively. I think that resource depletion is likely to increase as Developing Countries effort to increase their criterion of life. The state where I am from, a underdeveloped state, Yemen, does non hold as big an ecological footmark as Canada does. In our metropoliss, autos are used a batch but in the countryside, people uses Equus caballuss and camels as their chief manner of transporting themselves. Yemen is seeking to go more developed like the West, but so far it has non worked out that good. Originally, because Yemen started out as a land, merely the King had a auto but over clip, as it became a democracy, autos became more common as mundane people began driving them in the metropoliss. I think that as Yemen seeks to go more like the Western universe, particularly the United States, resource depletion will go more marked. Developing States should non hold the right to consume resources merely to go more like the West, because that will do merely the state of affairs with the environment worse as clip goes on. If every state has a big ecological footmark, so we will progressively necessitate more Earths to fulfill everyone ‘s energy ingestion. The article, found onhypertext transfer protocol: //www.edie.net/news/news_story.asp? id=16168. says that people in Europe are trusting excessively much on groundwater. If this continues, so the H2O supply could go a job. If that happens, the monetary value of H2O will travel up, and this will be bad for the universe economic system because everyone needs H2O. If people who need it can non afford to pay for it, so that could be an economic, every bit good as environmental, catastrophe. The root cause of this job is that people are trusting excessively much on groundwater. We can cut down our footmark as states by doing certain that some people do non acquire excess H2O, while others go without.MentionsRetrieved online on May 18, 2009 at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.edie.net/news/news_story.asp? id=16168

Critical Thinking Doesn’t Mean Just Criticizing

Sound thinking in every realm of life is more practical than poor thinking. When an individual is skilled in their thinking it pays off by saving time and energy. When an individual uses sound thinking they are able to control life circumstances whether good or bad. Halpern, D. (2003) states, â€Å"Critical Thinking is the use of those cognitive skills or strategies that increase the probability of a desirable outcome. † (p. 6). Critical thinking can be also considered as teleological in nature. As well critical thinking concerns the attainment of goals and the desired outcomes from achieving them. Critical thinking is not meant just for criticizing. It is the ability to effectively evaluate evidence and use intellectual tools to avoid being gullible to highly questionable or absurd ideas. The development of critical thinking skills is vital because the skill enables people to operate in a capacity to participate effectively in society, make complex choices, commit to social justice, and reflect on beliefs and actions. Advances in technology have placed an abundance of information at the world’s finger tips. Without critical thinking a person will be unable to separate what is valuable from information that is useless. Critical thinking can be compared to strenuous movement because thinking is hard work. For example at the end of ones day if that person stayed open minded and grasped onto different ideas, that person must now evaluated the evidence supporting those ideas. The National Science Foundation surveyed public attitudes and knowledge about science, they found that 70% of American adults said they were interested in science, but fewer than 30% could give a passable definition of a scientific experiment or hypothesis. Therefore even if a person has general knowledge of critical thinking it will not ensure they will be able to recognize the difference between true and false teaching if they do not have an understanding of what constitutes scientific evidence. With proper instruction a humans thought process can become broadly applied, spontaneously generated, precisely focused, intricately complex and more insightfully divergent. To develop these skills will take practice, concentration and coaching. Critical Thinking must include critical reflection on what passes for critical thinking. However critical thinking can restrict a person to the use of criticism to approved topics and can cause one to wonder into unconventional fields of criticism. Critical thinking is not essentially a negative enterprise but should maintain the kind of criticism which is not aimed at rejection, but considers apparent knowledge on its merits, retaining whatever survives critical scrutiny. Being critical has its positive and negative sides. A writer can compose a review of an article that may or may not agree with the readings presented. The writer’s response to the material will depend on their attitude and what type of approach they are trying to bring out of the material. Therefore critical thinking is not to be taken as simple criticism. In order for a person to be an effective critical thinker they cannot accept information at face value in a non-critical or non-evaluating way. In order for critical thinking to have a positive impact in a person’s life they must have the skills of logical analysis and understand how to apply these skills. According to Passmore (1967), being critical is not simply a habit, a skill, or mastery over the art of logic. Passmore goes on to describe critical thinking as more of a character trait that causes one to ask questions about information received. A critical thinker knows how to consciously apply tactics to discover facts and understanding there meanings. The Stanley Milgram Obedience study successfully shows how a higher authority figure can use their position to encourage others under their authority to perform inhumane acts to cause harm to others. The Milgram study showed that 65% of his subjects which where residents of New Haven, were unknowingly willing to give false electric shocks of 450 volts to protesting victims. These victims were faultless for the pain that was apparently inflicted upon them however because of the authority commanded to the subjects, the subjects whether against or for the experiment continued as commanded. When put in this type of position one must have a strong sense of critical thinking to up hold what it right. This experiment surprises me at how many people will engage in activities knowing they are going cause someone else harm. It makes one wonder how people in authority who use their power to cause others harm gained such a position. One would think that this person’s superior would pick up one such an act and bring it to a stop. Not only that but why would the subordinates allow such activities to continue without reporting the situation to the proper authorities. One can only assume that fear for losing their job or level of respect would cause them to continue to adhere to authority figures whether the action being asked to perform is right or wrong. In the economy we live in today one can only assume to these actions are becoming more prevalent and people are obeying the commands given to the just to keep their careers. No one can afford to lose their job and expect to live comfortable. Instead of using critical thinking to overcome the inhumane request the subordinate just goes along with the order being given to remain in good standing with the authority figure. Had I been the participant in the Milgram study and was ordered to continue with the experiment knowing that the person I was shocking was in total disagreement and begging to stop, I would have stopped. My nature and kind heartedness would not have allowed me to continue with such an act. Not only would I have stopped with the experiment, I would have had to make the experimenter aware that what he was doing is wrong and unjust regardless of the excuse that the experiment was important. The first three questions in the think Tank self-evaluation asks you whether you believe there are right and wrong answers and authorities are those who have the right answers, there are no right answers and everyone has the right to their own opinion, and last even though the world is uncertain, we need to make decisions on what’s right or wrong. These three questions represent the three stages of cognitive development. I found myself to agree strongly with the third statement. I am at the stage in my life where I am well aware that the world is full of uncertainty but we as a society must come together and decide on what is right and what is wrong. This is the main reason we have laws, to keep control of the world. The laws give use a uniformed understanding of how our world is supposed to operate. Without laws we can expect that the world would be in chaos. Even though laws are set in place to be obeyed there are still people who set out to challenge these laws and there are others who don’t care what the law states and do whatever the will to do. However even though the laws are set in place they are not black and white. One must use there critical thinking skills to effectively apply the law in their life. This can be a shortcoming because many laws leave a lot to be interpreted as to the true meaning behind them. With this in mind if critical thinking skills are not applied one may assume they are in the right of the law and really not be because of a lack of understanding. What strengthens me at being in this position in this stage of my life is the fact that I don’t jump to rash decisions. I have learned how to take my time and evaluate each situation, weighing the facts and going with the best option available. Taking the time to do this helps to eliminate a lot of heart ache, struggle and regret. All of us have found ourselves in the position where we wished we could go back in time and change some of the decisions we have made. We all know hindsight is 20/20 and the only thing we can do is live and learn. Learn how to use critical thinking and apply to every aspect of our lives. Working a Hardee’s years ago I was placed in a position to make a decision to cook rotten chicken and serve it to the public. The manager ordered me to cook chicken that both she and I knew could be a danger to the public. Refusing in a very disrespectful manner I lost my job and was sent home with a broken heart because my intentions were good but the situation was handled in the wrong manner. I had to regroup and approach the situation from a different manner; therefore because of my beliefs I knew I could not let the situation go. Instead of remaining mad I used critical thinking to come to the conclusion that people could not suffer from eating rotten chicken and action had to be taken. At this point I called the health department and the district manager of Hardee’s and reported the situation and my concerns. By the end of day I had a call from my manager and was asked to come in for a meeting. During this meeting I was informed by the manager who fired me that if I had handled the situation in a more respectable manner she would have understood my point of view and respected it. If I had taken the time to use critical thinking and explained my standpoint for why I refused to disobey I would have never had to go to such lengths to get my point heard. Because I immediately got angry and viewed my manager as an inhumane person I criticized her and got fired. Although my initial reaction was handled in an inappropriate manner, I was able to bounce back and regain control through critical thinking and informing the appropriate authorities of the facts of the situation and regained my employment. From this I learned that critical thinking and criticism have a domino effect. One bad decision not only causes one side effect, it causes multiply until the chain is broken. In my situation the chain was broken when a thinking critical approach was taken and proper authorizes were involved. I could have been critical of what my manager had done and tried to ruin her name around the small town, but that would have only created more problems. Involving the proper authorities help to bring the situation under control, the chicken was thrown out and no one was placed in harms ways by consuming the product. I regained my employment because I stood up for what was right and changed my attitude towards the situation to gain a positive outcome. Society is often faced with the need to rapidly assess situations and make decisions under dynamic conditions and often with limited information. Sometimes the outcomes are good and sometimes they are bad. As long as humans are involved there will be injury to others in some cases which is unacceptable. Criticism can be constructive or destructive and each individual needs to evaluate themselves on which type they are using along with their critical thinking skills to gain the most positive outcomes for their experiences.

Critical Analysis of Mrs Lazarus Essay

Next line portrays that she must have got married on the day that her husband died if she had ripped her wedding clothes from her body. This stanza provides the reader with physicality by the use of the words â€Å"ripped†, â€Å"howled†, â€Å"shrieked†, â€Å"clawed†, â€Å"retched† etc. – onomatopoeic – portray a violent narrator. â€Å"howled†, â€Å"clawed† – anthropomorphic. Repetition – â€Å"over and over†, â€Å"dead, dead†. – symbolise that she thought of him repeatedly. This stanza displays as her almost hating him because he died. Sentence Structure – Short sentence to start – illustrates immediacy. Long sentence follows – symbolising how long she has grieved over the one she had lost – how long the process of recovery had been. Language – emotional, aggressive, sinister, chilling. Overall tone – depressing, graphic/gruesome. Themes – death, sorrow, aftermath. Stanza 2 Remains in past tense. â€Å"Gutted† – associated with gutting fish – unpleasant – symbolising destruction of her home. Colour change from â€Å"white† to â€Å"dark† – conveys â€Å"white† as being before he died (symbol of purity, holiness), and â€Å"dark† as the world she is in now that he is gone (symbol of evil, desperation) Symbolism of isolation – â€Å"Single cot† (relates to Mrs Quasimodo i. e. â€Å"Single silver fish†), â€Å"widow†, â€Å"one empty glove†, â€Å"half† – sense of her feeling incomplete. â€Å"White femur†Ã¢â‚¬â€œ bones – â€Å"dust† – ashes – relates to the fact that her husband is now reduced to this because he is dead. â€Å"Stuffed dark suits into black bags† – implies a murder? Could reveal her suicidal nature – her husband’s death had, inevitably, driven her to her own death. â€Å"noosed the double knot of the tie round my bare neck† – the only way she can dispel the isolation is to kill herself. â€Å"double† – sense of being whole again. Sense that her grieving continues. bare neck† refers back to the 1st stanza where she had stripped herself of her clothes. Sentence Structure – Short, simplistic, reflecting a child’ s dialect i. e. â€Å" Gone home† Language – unemotional – could symbolise her method of recuperation Overall tone – graphic, angry, vengeful, remorseful Themes – neglect, isolation, suicide Stanza 3 Continues on from second stanza. Religious reference – â€Å"gaunt nun† – reference to her imposed celibacy (duty to stay faithful to her dead husband). â€Å"Stations of Bereavement† – relates to Stations of the Cross – symbolising that she, like Jesus, has to struggle. icon of my face† relates to statues and figures in churches – also implies that her facial expression remains the same since the day of her husband’s death. â€Å"touching herself† – conveys that the only pleasure she is able to achieve would be by touching herself. Following lines imply that these were the only memories that she had of him i. e. he â€Å"dwindled† away. Her only memories of him were of his illness. â€Å"shrun k to the size of a snapshot† – modernisation – a picture remains only a memory, as had Mrs Lazarus’s husband. Sentence Structure – Long – broken with commas – symbolises constant bereavement Language – religious, frustrated yet sorrowful, modern Overall tone – frustrated, resentful Themes – celibacy, religion Stanza 4 Continues from third stanza with repletion of â€Å"going† – displays the fact that she does not feel as though he is gone yet. Tangible memories of Lazarus i. e. the hair fallen from his head, his scent – both vanishing – â€Å"the last hair†, â€Å"his scent went†. Imagery of their disappearing marriage – no value, no meaning. â€Å"ring† – supposed to symbolise eternal love – conventional meaning is diminished in this case. He is no longer worth anything to her as he is now only a â€Å"small zero†. Sentence Structure – Becoming shorter as she begins to forget about him. She is beginning to dismiss him from her life. Language – dismissive, unemotional Overall tone – guilt-free, disgusted Themes – independence Stanza 5 â€Å"Then he was gone† – simplistic – sense of immediacy, perhaps unexpected – he exists no more. â€Å"legend† – forgotten – he became just words – â€Å"language†. â€Å"schoolteacher† – perhaps he had taught her something in her life? â€Å"man’s strength† – protection But I was faithful for as long as it took† – as long as what took? Perhaps premeditated murder? Religious reference â€Å"faithful† – to whom? God? Lazarus? â€Å"Until he was a memory† – it took quite a while for her to come to terms with everything – perhaps she was trying to remain celibate? Sentence Structure – varied length – symbolise the normality of her life now. Language – settled (i. e. no anger, no strong emotion) Overall tone – defensive – â€Å"But I was faithful for as long as it took† Themes – deceit Stanza 6 Setting of scene – â€Å"field†, â€Å"moon† – night time Personification of atmosphere – â€Å"fine air† Observing and admiring landscape. â€Å"shouting† – disruption of new â€Å"healed† life. Were the men coming for her? Why were they shouting? Sentence Structure – Long, flows – illustrate the calm serenity of her current life – until the interruption of shouting men. Language – calm, descriptive Overall tone – serene Themes – admiration of the simple things in life Stanza 7 Continues from stanza 6. Images of people chasing her. Building up of tension – repetition of â€Å"I knew†. Personification of light – â€Å"sly† – even the light had betrayed her – labelled her as the wife of an ill man. shrill eyes† – piercing into her – evil – undeserved – highlights that the community had a prejudice of her husband because of his illness. Overwhelmed by crowds of people – feels consumed by the â€Å"hot tang† and the â€Å"hands bearingâ₠¬  her. Sentence Structure – varied. Broken with commas to illustrate the break in her normality. Language – anxious Overall tone – fearful Themes – betrayal Stanza 8 Illustrates the resurrection of her husband. â€Å"He lived† – shock, disbelief. â€Å"the horror on his face† – even he was terrified of her situation. She cannot escape the memory of him, no matter how far away he may seem. saw†, â€Å"heard†, â€Å"breathed† – use of the senses – immediacy – â€Å"rotting†. This stanza could be her mind revisiting the memory of Lazarus’s dead body. This could symbolise her reuniting with him – her escape from isolation. From beyond the grave, Lazarus maintains control over Mrs Lazarus – she is unable to rid him from her mind – eternally married to him – so she must be faithful. Does love defy death? Sentence Structure – Long – symbolise the return of bereavement. Language – graphic/gruesome – to describe disfigured body/their love Overall tone â₠¬â€œ depressing, horrific

The Impact of Internet and Digital Culture on Workplace Ethics Essay

The Impact of Internet and Digital Culture on Workplace Ethics - Essay Example It would not be mistaken to say that each generation has its own time and technology and a similar amount of satisfaction but only enjoying at different times (Misa, 2004). This study aims at explaining the e describing the historical emergence and growth of the internet as a facility, its effects alongside its growth patterns and its effects on different generations. The onset and use of technology is defined and equally affected by some factors such as its democratization, its ease and flexibility of use (as opposed to other media) (Ferdinand, 2000), its different designations that serve different audience and, the effect of patterns, tastes and preferences of particular audience on its designing over time and space (Proctor & Vu, 2005). These factors are therefore explored in different lengths and at different areas of focus throughout this study. Whether old or modern, as reiterated above, all media exists within and is an aspect of technology (Manovich, 2001). Technology exhibits a typical flux nature; that is, its growth and development are progressive processes (Manovich, 2001). Each form and module of technology operates perfectly well in a given timeframe and then gets defaced and replaced by another as time goes by. Telegraph was perhaps the first electromagnetic form of communication. Later, the telephone emerged in form of a listening device. Then the technological experimentations bore analog media in forms of cinematography, radio, and TVs. It was in the 1940s when TVs were invented. The following years saw the idea of TVs as perhaps the best invention of the time due to its entertainment both as a leisure activity and workplace motivation. The global society was enthusiastically detached from written information and adopted TVs as the best and entertaining alternative. In some societies, TVs were even a mark of ho usehold financial abilities.

Project management report for Zenith Company Inc Essay

Project management report for Zenith Company Inc - Essay Example According to the research findings it can therefore be said that proper project management is important for any project to meet its objective and achieve success. Project management involves in-depth process of planning, execution or implementation, and monitoring and evaluation at every phase of implementation. If it is not a perpetual project, a final stage of project closing is included. The management team at Zenith PM has decided to enhance the current business strategy by introducing a new approach on their core business model to improve business performance and success. This paper will attempt to provide advice to the management of Zenith PM on the current thinking on offsite manufacturing or modern methods of construction, the potential impact of change in direction from a change management perspective on Zenith PM’s existing business strategy focusing on existing organizational and project processes, how a transition might be undertaken using a project management solu tion including an implementation strategy) and explore all risk management issues that may be prevalent. The management team at Zenith PM has decided to have a new approach on their core business model. They have made the decision to incorporate offsite manufacturing with an aim to enter a new niche market (which could give them competitive advantage), stabilize the workforce (to reduce turnover), and improve the financial position of the company (working capital requirements and improved order book). 2. Current thinking on Offsite Manufacturing 2.1 New development Based on the business of Zenith PM, it is apparent that reliance on the traditional manufacturing methods will not put the firm in a competitive advantage particularly given that other firms in the market have embraced advanced technologies boosting their competition and production levels. The management’s decision to adopt offsite manufacturing sounds long overdue but a good measure though challenging to grow firm size, motivate staff, increase production, improve quality, improve client satisfaction, and increase firm turnover. Offsite manufacturing leads to improved project delivery and positively influence the performance of the construction industry by reducing the project’s duration by almost half and increased onsite productivity. Zenith PM should carry out an Analysis of internal and external market forces so that they can have a smooth way forward. Zenith PM can use the business analysis model of SWOT by Albert Humphrey to identify Zenith PM’s strengths and weaknesses, which are internal factors as well as opportunities and threats, the external factors. The company’

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Human Resources - Research Paper Example The function that oversees the employees concerns is called Human resource management at the workplace. In the organization, all employees are viewed as vital enterprise assets and their value is enhances by gradual development. Therefore, enterprises always engage themselves in a barrage of practicing human resources to capitalize on human assets. Organizations apply technics in governing human resources as suggested by (Renkly, 2004). The first technic is to classify employees in into demographic groups. In this trend, workforce or populations characteristic are categorized using age, social class and even gender. The trend unquestionably has effects in relations to offering of pension, packages of insurance and annual leaves. Another technic in managing human resources is to understand its diverse characteristics especially their culture. Strategic workforce planning Strategic human planning should address alignment of organizations human capital program with their current mission , emerging mission and programmatic objectives. Human resource management should develop long-term strategies for acquiring, training and developing workers to attain programmed goals. Approaches of managing human resources may vary from one manager to another or from one enterprise to another. However, there are some principals that guide managers in coming up with strategic workforce plan (Seijts, 2006). The principals address key issues to be considered irrespective of the context in which the planning is done. First, the top managers, workers and the stakeholders must involve themselves in communicating, developing and implementation of the strategic workforce plan. This will help supervisors, and employees’ agency managers understand the need to work as a team. It ensures entire agency understands benefits of changes as defined in the strategic workforce plan. Clear communications create transparent procedures and policies that help in utilization of human capital (Pinkl eton& Austin, 2006). Role of human resources in an organization The human resource management team in the organization has a mandate to manage employees in the organization. There are limitations and the advantages in of this function. The departments ensure all staff follows the general direction, rule and regulations of the work place. The departments constant remind and clarify the means set towards attainment of organizations goals. The department also is responsible for creating compensations or incentives to be awarded to employees in order to act as a motivation (Heneman& Judge, 2006). Human resource manager act as employees sponsor and advocate (Williams& Gilmore, 2009). The managers play an important role towards organizational success. The knowledge about advocacy of people is an essential skill that managers need to have. The managers foster effective methods in setting of goals and empowering workers through assigning them with responsibilities. This helps in creating or der in the organization. Professionals in human resources help establish culture and climate of the organization. The environment creates the commitment and efficiency in serving the customers. In this role, human resources manager provide the overall talent management strategies. The manager also develops opportunity and create workers assistance program (Jackson, 1992). The frequent evaluation of the organizatio

Engaged Buddhist response to Consumerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Engaged Buddhist response to Consumerism - Essay Example In the twenty-first century, people live in a technologically-advanced world. Everything is done with a touch of a button. Perhaps, the saying that â€Å"an idle mind is the devil’s workshop,† is true because the more free time man has, the more time he spends on whining about how miserable life is and how only a new gadget or material possession could make him feel better. Conspicuous consumption is the name of the game. And consumerism is the rule. This paper shall discuss the concepts of consumerism from the perspective of Engaged Buddhism and their interaction in society, how Engaged Buddhism responds to tide of consumerism. More specifically, Engaged Buddhism responds to consumerism with meditation and mindful living coupled with acts of compassion and generosity. ENGAGED BUDDHISM Engaged Buddhism is a movement within the Buddhist religion. It follows all the teachings of Buddha, the Enlightened One; it practices all the traditions and rites of the Buddhist religion. But what makes it different is the fact that it puts a premium on the value of active compassion, that is, meditation coupled with action. However, when the founder himself is asked, he contends that â€Å"Engaged Buddhism is just Buddhism† (Malkin 1). This movement was established in the middle of the 20th century by Thich Nhat Hanh, a Vietnamese monk who, surrounded with pain and desperation during the Vietnam War, realized and decided that, â€Å"Buddhism has to do with your daily life, with your suffering and with the suffering of the people around you† (Malkin 1). ... Meditation is about the awareness of what is going on—not only in your body and in your feelings, but all around you,† (Malkin 1). Thus, Engaged Buddhism was born. Inspired by the deep desire to serve the community, Thich Nhat Hanh founded the School of Youth for Social Services where the students learned not only religion but most importantly compassion. They were taught to put their beliefs into actions by working to help ease the suffering of the people (Queen 38). As the group grew larger, Engaged Buddhism became not just a religious movement but also a social force – a flicker of light that beacons all those who are in the darkness of pain, despair and uncertainty. Armed with pure courage and determination to share the values of love and compassion to his fellowmen, Thich Nhat Hanh planted the seeds of Engaged Buddhism on the unforgiving and hostile bloodstained soil of his motherland. True enough, as an affirmation to his extraordinary efforts, religious and layman communities had soon adapted to the art of mindful living and mindfulness to the Buddhist principles that gives to every individual the respect and dignity he deserves as a human being (Queen 54). The Zen monk’s extraordinary courage and compassion sent ripples of hope across the country and even to the other side of the Pacific Ocean. In recognition, no less than Martin Luther King, Jr. nominated him to the Nobel Peace Prize in 1967 (Malkin 1). Consumerism In the society that we know today, there is always the need to have more and to possess the latest, best and coolest. Mass media makes sure of that. The advertising sector has mastered the art of deception – making every consumer think that he needs whatever is pushed in his mind through

Meeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Meeting - Essay Example As the first order of business under delegations/recognition the Spotlight on Excellence was awarded to a Pre-AP English teacher and Coach at Alamo Heights High School. Secondly, Alamo Heights Public Relations Awards were highlighted. Specifically, the Alamo Heights School Foundation and District Communication Office had received three state awards from the Texas School Relations Association. The specifics of those awards were discussed. Individual students’ achievement in state academic and sport competitions were recognized. Alamo Heights High School Student Council was also recognized for achieving the 2011 National Gold Council of Excellence Award from the National Association of Student Councils. The meeting then turned to possible items for action. A new format for elementary report cards were presented and the meeting informed that the new designs will be introduced in Fall 2011. No details were provided. Similarly, a strategic plan update was recorded in the meetings w ith scant information. The only information recorded was that the an update was provided concerning the plans for the â€Å"multiple lines of district communication† (Board Briefs, 2011). Other presentations were recorded similarly. For instance a revised dual language program and lottery procedures were presented without the benefit of any other details.

Carbon Emission Abatement Essay Example for Free

Carbon Emission Abatement Essay Topic: Carbon emission abatement can be achieved by various meaner, for example, regulation (controlling the emitting of carbon on the same basis as governments control other pollutants), by subsidizing consumption of renewable technologies using wind or the sun, by subsidizing non-carbon polluting technologies and by supporting research into innovative green technologies. Another way of achieving reduction in carbon emissions is a pricing scheme such as a cap-and-trade emissions trading scheme (TEST), which could exist in Australia by 2014, and China probably by 2015. Nations have also achieved reductions through energy conservation. Discuss (1) the various options available for carbon abatement, their merits and weaknesses, and (2) the role government and business have to play if the methods are to achieve their objectives. Major Assignment Tutor: Mrs. Maintained Sings Major Assignment Global warming is a complicated issue faced by leaders of today. Warnings are becoming increasingly amplified, in the wake of a realization that a disastrous future ahead because of the perpetual accumulation anthropogenic greenhouse gases ? emanating from fossil-fuel combustion and burning forests. PM Tony Blair told BBC sews that scientific evidence of global warming was overwhelming and its consequences disastrous. Global warming is the observed increase in the average temperature (f the Earths atmosphere and corners in recent decades (Brakeman 2009). The Earths average near-surface atmospheric temperature increased by 0. 6 ? ± 0. 2 Celsius (1. 1 ? ± 0. 4 Fahrenheit) in the 20th century (The Universe-Galaxy-stars 2012). Global warming and climate change have already unleashed untold suffering to thousands of people across the face of the earth. Think of the millions of environmental refugees who have been forced to vacate the land of their forefathers cause of flooding. Thousands of children in Africa have been born into lives of poverty, disease and famine, resulting from shifting climatic conditions (Andorra 2011, quoted in Africa Up in Smoke, 2012, 12). In Niger for example, drought and famine claimed the lives of nearly 70 people (BBC News 2012), whilst later in the year, unexpected flooding displaced 1 50000 families, stirred up a cholera outbreak and claimed more lives. In Australia and the US, wild raging fires have destroyed the habitat of thousands of species, reducing beautiful vast carpets of green thriving tit flora and fauna; into barren lifeless stretches of sparsely vegetated, stunted and horrid landscapes with little biodiversity. Moderate to exceptional, whilst intensified convection over the Caribbean also brought heavy rains to Colombia, where flooding displaced an estimated 1. 5 million people. Thousands of pages can be authored to document the incalculable grave impacts global warming has caused to our beloved mother earth. It is even more astonishing when you realism that all this anguish has been borne by people who are now alive today. You cannot help but wonder what it shall be like in the more distant true. A continued surge in co levels for another century will see gases reach a level unheard of since millions of years ago. The consequences are anticipated to take many centuries to be fully manifested, as the Earth transforms into a new state. In the distant future, eras with high CO are anticipated where sea levels will be even higher and temperature will soar to catastrophic levels: a planet grossly unlike the one to which the human species is adapted (Conservation Foundation 1963). By now you may be wondering , what is the link between Global Warming and Carbon Emissions? After all, the essence of this account is a mere review of the various meaner by which Carbon Emissions may be reduced. Scientific research has established a link between Global Warming and Carbon Dioxide pollution. Carbon dioxide particles are capable of retaining heat energy received from the sun (Rogers 1989). The atmosphere naturally contains optimum levels of carbon dioxide, necessary to make the earth habitable (green-house effect). Human activities such as burning of forests and fossil fuels, however, further append co levels in the atmosphere to catastrophic levels which cause global warming and climate change (Munroe 2011). The author was inclined to explain the relationship between Carbon emission and Global Warming, so as to express the weight of the Carbon Reduction issue under review. Mitigating carbon emission seeks to curb Global Warming and all its adverse impacts highlighted previously. Global warming is the bigger picture beyond carbon emission. Carbon reduction methods in the discussion essentially target the sectors summarized the opposite pie-chart. Government can use regulation to reduce carbon emission levels. This is essentially a command-and-control approach, where standard minimum requirements are established and enforced by law. Such laws may target annual level of carbon emission, mandatory adoption of given forms of clean technology and production techniques. Compliance by emitters is mandatory, the failure of which is punishable by fines, public shaming, penalties, sanctions and blacklisting. (ESSAY Emission. Trading 2010). Regulation is an effective control mechanism as it covers all aspects of the global emission by sector. Regulation almost guarantees a reduction, as companies seek to and static, that it fails to allow firms to determine a cost saving approach, based on the elimination of non-value adding costs and the most efficient course of action elevate to the industry (ESSAY Emissions trading 2010). Low volume, small industries such as dry cleaners and book printers, for example; may feel aggrieved when their carbon assessment is made on the same basis as that of mega profit making high volume industries such as oil and gas extraction or car manufacturers. The smaller industries are sure to comply with the legal requirement concerning carbon emissions in the fear of being penalized substantially. The bigger industries however, may find the penalties very negligible in comparison to the high revenues they generate. This sad tale ensures that small companies remain small, whilst the bigger industries continue to grow. As mentioned by Parry (2004, 35), regulation when used to dictate capital injection towards a given technology or production technique; is criticized for being efficient than substitute alternatives available. Presently, the fines for breaking the EX. carbon law is pegged at 100 euros ($130) per metric ton (1 . 1023 tons) of carbon, for airline companies and 7 euros per metric tones for general manufacturing industries (ESSAY Emissions trading 2010). As stated by Paltrier (2010, 13), laws against the carrying out of deforestation are another form of regulation that target carbon emission reduction. Deforestation is the unwarranted cutting down of trees for logging, mining, oil and gas extraction; cattle ranching or agricultural purposes. You may have wondered, if at all any linkage exists between trees and carbon. How do laws against deforestation achieve carbon reduction? You will be glad to know that trees act as a carbon sink, absorbing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The presence of trees creates a carbon sink which eliminates to greater extent, the excess levels of carbon. When this mechanism however is eliminated, then how will atmospheric carbon subside? The absence of trees would cause an unprecedented exponential growth in Carbon levels. However it is saddening to note that most of the damage has been done already. Did you know that between 1930 and today, Philippines has lost 90% of its rainforests, whilst Madagascar has lost 95% of its rainforests, El Salvador 70-85% of its rainforests due to heavy bombing during the civil war 1984-1985. Sumatra has only 15% of its rainforests left. It appears that substantial damage has been done already, yet still, governments cannot afford to waver in the fight to curb deforestation. It is encouraging to note that some governments have even taken a pro-active approach to not only protect their few remaining forests, but to replenish the depleted ones also. Issues of economic development hinder the effective implementation of deforestation laws. Imagine the impact of halting logging activities in Africa, which are providing employment for millions of people and putting food on the table in thousands of homes. What about the grave effect on their already beset economies; what would it mean for initiatives such as building schools, educating and empowering women on family planning and many other crucial issues? Resultantly, it is no surprise that only 6% of Central Africans forests are protected by law (Laurence et al 2006, 457). Service, to ensure efficiency and marginal carbon emission from the combustion of fuel. Other regulations, such as the U. S Lacey Act 1968, bar the trade of wooden products across international boundaries. The role of government is to provide adequate funding for the effective implementation of these laws and of course to enact the legislation to curb carbon emission (Greenback 2011). Another way of reducing carbon emission as stated by Festoon (10, 4) is the rewarding of development of renewable technologies using wind or the solar energy. The truth of the matter is that, it is relatively costlier in the early years to develop clean technologies. Setup costs are high and most companies are discouraged. However, rewarding the development and use of such technologies would provide incentive for companies to partake. Such reward can be in the form of government subsidy to lower acquisition costs of setup material, the provision of expert engineers to assist in the setup activity, offering loans to clean technology development projects as well as a mere sign of recognition and appreciation. The government will obviously need to cater for these requirements in its national budget. The government is also tasked with rendering support for research into innovative green technologies. The subsidy approach is highly viable as it provides incentive for businesses to develop cleaner technologies, whilst the companys liquidity and cash flow remain relatively unaltered. This entails that companies will continue to enjoy healthy profits whilst, developing cleaner technologies concurrently, or in the case of government loans; spreading the cost of the financing activity which will be eventually offset by rower operating costs in the long run. This approach also ensures a healthy mutually beneficial relationship between the government and business. One drawback however, is that once companies attain such loans, they may not be used entirely to serve the purpose of clean technology development. In Zanzibar, for example, cases have been recorded whereby; some farmers misused loans rendered to them by the Ministry of Agriculture through Agro-Bank, for the purpose of developing wind vanes (Mutagen 2012). Furthermore, resources are not always sufficient enough to provide for this cause. Carbon emission may also be reduced through a federally-imposed carbon tax (Ovenbird 1997). The main idea is that government can use the surplus tax revenue to finance subsidies in the development of selected low-carbon technologies. The chances of any government imposing a new tax however, is somewhere between zero and nil. If carbon is taxed, this will significantly decrease annual profits, repel investors and cause economic recession. The successful imposition of carbon tax would entail that governments possess a whole new pool of subsidy revenue to distribute to industry. Will the tax revenue be used to provide subsidies for clean genealogy development? If at all subsidies are indeed issued, would you trust that they will award them to the right companies, foot the right reason? It is a really a be the most effective strategy? Naked (2003:11) revealed that in Japan, a carbon tax rate of $2. 0/mm Btu case produced an emission rate of 324 mm ETC in the year 2040, attaining a 23% reduction in the emission rate. Without carbon tax imposition however, CO emission in 2040 would be 420 mm ETC (2003) . Without tax return in this case, CO emission rises to 332 mm ETC, producing an 8 mm ETC production compared with the tax return case. Clearly carbon tax, though controversial, can bring the results. Pricing schemes such like the cap-and-trade emissions trading scheme (TEST) can reduce co (Hessian 14,349). The role of government in this case is to set the ground rules. Its role is restricted, and major decisions are made in the private sector. The government establishes an overall emissions cap and assigns specific emissions allocations to the different sources of CO. Industries and companies are free to decide as to what to do or how to meet their allocations. The government needs to engage experts of industry, to come up with a reasonable maximum amount f carbon emission for various respective industries. Furthermore, the government is tasked with providing an accurate and reliable meaner of carbon emission measurement. Furthermore, there is also need to engage with other relevant bodies such as the EX., AU or SEAN. In the case of the European Union member countries for example, governments ought to work together in the implementation of cap-and- trade schemes. The two vital components of cap-and-trade schemes is the cap itself, and its flexibility that allows companies to exchange emissions warrants. The cap is perimeter of carbon emissions imposed by the TEST. The cap is attained by the creation of emissions permits, supplemented by a business requirement for emitters to yield the amount of permits equivalent to their carbon emissions, traditionally on an annual basis. Under an TEST any firm emitting carbon under the permissible perimeter may retain permits equivalent to the amount of its carbon emission, whilst the excess permits may be sold. Presently, carbon permits can be traded at 7 euros a metric ton. Permit price fluctuates according to market volatility, whilst the cap (maximum permissible amount of carbon emission) is fixed. The buying and selling of carbon remits is the second vital aspect of cap-and-trade schemes. One major advantage is that companies can implement carbon abatement at a lower cost than compared to the permit price for excess emissions. This ensures that companies will purchase permits, only when the cost of reducing its emissions surpasses that the purchasing price of permits. Emissions reductions will therefore be attained at the lowest cost to the economy and society at large. Other advantages include the following; predictable annual carbon emissions which allow for economic and carbon forecasting, relatively lesser political barriers than a tax, government can generate venue which can be reinvested through rebates or utilized to provide public goods such as roads and street lighting and companies generate revenue as carbon emissions decline. Cap-and-trade successfully reduced the sulfur oxide emissions that cause acid rain, quickly and cheaply (Roberts 2012) Critics argue that, whilst total carbon emissions are capped the monetary worth thereof remains unspecified as it is determined by several market variables. This meaner that some economic conditions result in a marginal price for permits, which does not provide sufficient incentive for companies to limit their carbon emissions ND sell the excess permits. Another scenario may also occur, where, the market conditions result in a very high price which exceeds that of reducing carbon emissions. The scope and manner of price setting may also result in too many permits may be issued which gives rise to other market imperfections. Industrial nations must reduce their dependence on fossil fuels such as gasoline, oil, and coal as they produce carbon dioxide, a heat-trapping gas that causes global- warming. Industrial countries are liable for most of the worldwide carbon emissions. These countries however, are capable of switching to cutting-edge energy saving cosmologies that produce marginal carbon emissions. Clean, renewable sources, such as solar, wind, and hydro-electricity, can generate sufficient energy without increasing carbon emission (Blackmore 1998). Such technologies need to be deployed much more widely, whilst government policies must encourage their use. Investment should also be directed towards developing and commercialisms clean technologies. The Australian Government for example, invested more than $5 billion in clean energy technologies development since 2000. Such technologies are vital efforts to reduce carbon emissions. (Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency) As stated by Dawson (1987,16), transferring Clean Technology to Developing Countries is also necessary for carbon reduction. Leading businesses, international organizations, and the Medics ought to devise a meaner to transfer energy saving technologies to Leads. This enables Leads to develop their economies without using environmentally unfriendly fossil fuel technologies which the Medics are now striving to phase out. As pollution knows no boundaries, it is vital for all world governments to reduce carbon emission. However, this creates a dependency syndrome, where poor countries over-rely on richer countries. African leaders for example, have been criticized for living lavishly, yet failing to bring about economic growth in their countries, which leaves their citizens to survive on donations from Medics and Nos. The government must also initiate behavior change. This can be done through awareness campaigns, media advertising as well as communicated in schools and work places. Did you know that cars, trucks, and buses consume over half of the oil consumed in the United States (Wellhead 2010)? Imagine the impact of substituting traditional vehicles with energy efficient gasoline-powered cars, electric and fuel-cell ears and buses. These measures will lessen CO emissions by using less gasoline. In addition, campaigns may also encourage consumers to make less trips (encourage walking for small errands), use of public transportation, bicycles, and carpools. If we use less energy, less carbon dioxide is produced. Over the past two decades, American industry and consumers started using more-efficient motors, vehicles, appliances, windows, and manufacturing processes. Vast amounts energy and money promote energy efficient products. (Graph showing natural gas reduction of oil reliance- Centre for American Progress 2012) Governments must also slow down population growth, through awareness, family planning, women emancipation and free distribution of contraceptives. Whilst all the aforementioned technological and economic changes can reduce per capita carbon emissions, persistent large population increases will retard emission reduction efforts. The more people there are, the more energy is required. Reducing population growth rate will alleviate carbon reduction efforts. Reducing carbon emission is not an event that can be completed over night; but a process which needs several years to bring fourth results.

Continental Congress in Philadelphia Essay Example for Free

Continental Congress in Philadelphia Essay One of the most well-known female politicians of the time was Mercy Otis Warren of Massachusetts. Like several other women concerned with public issues, Warren grew up in a political family. Her father James Otis, Sr. , had long been active in high-level provincial politics; her brother James Otis, Jr. , had been an outspoken detractor of British rule, and her husband James Warren was a most important member of the Massachusetts legislature. Mrs. Warren would write several pamphlets, poems, and plays in support of the Patriot movement. One of her plays, The Adulateur (1772), implicated a legendary kingdom named Servia, where the good subjects possessed with a love of liberty were being enslaved by a tyrannical ruler. Warren took some pride in womens contribution to the colonial resistance. â€Å"Be it known unto Britain even American daughters are politicians and patriots, and will aid the good work with their feeble efforts. † 7 Even though she was well aware that politics remained â€Å"a subject . . . much out of the road of female attention,† 8 she quietly defended the right of women to articulate their opinions. During the war period, she frequently corresponded with like-minded individuals for instance Abigail Adams regarding the latest developments, and afterward wrote an extremely partisan three-volume history of the American Revolution. Equally eager of speaking out politically (albeit in private correspondence) was Abigail Adams, the wife of John Adams. Throughout the pre-Revolutionary years, Abigail had ready comments on the regal conflict and very much favoured separation from the mother country. When her husband John was a delegate to the Continental Congress in Philadelphia and beginning to prepare a new system of government, she even confided to him regarding what she considered a very important domestic matterthe rights of women. On the eve of American independence, Abigail wrote: â€Å"By the way in the new Code of Laws which I suppose it will be necessary for you to make I desire you would Remember the Ladies, and be more favourable to them than your ancestors. Do not put such unlimited power into the hands of the Husbands. Remember all Men would be tyrants if they could. † 9 Abigail was not a contemporary feminist and had no wish to change the conventional relationship between man and woman; however she apparently did want some restraint placed on the use of male power within the family. John appeared more amused than angry at the outburst but made no effort to follow through on Abigails request. Neither did any of his congressional colleagues take up the subject. While John Adams had no wish to alter the legal status of women or grant them voting rights, he did think that they could hold political opinions and comment on significant issues in a family setting. So frequent were his discussions with his wife on such matters that at one point Abigail declared: â€Å"What a politician you have made me. †10 Abigail Adams of all the women at the time would have welcomed the possibility to use the ballot had it been given to members of her sex. On Election Day in 1780, she confirmed her desire to be part of the political process by assisting at the local polling place, preparing tickets. â€Å"If I cannot be a voter upon this occasion,† she said, â€Å"I will be a writer of votes. I can do some thing in that way. † 11 Several years afterward, Abigail commented on the existence of woman suffrage in New Jersey, saying that â€Å"if our state constitution had been equally liberal . . . and admitted the female to a vote, I should certainly have exercised it. † 12 Later, during her husbands presidency, she explicitly handled some of his political correspondence, even writing to Elbridge Gerry, emissary to France, amid the controversial XYZ affair in 1797. She as well carried on an widespread exchange of letters with such luminaries as Thomas Jefferson after her husband left the White House.

Principles Of Programming Using Net Framework Computer Science Essay

Principles Of Programming Using Net Framework Computer Science Essay The .NET Framework Class library consists of a combination of instructional classes, interfaces, and also value types in which facilitate and boost the actual development practice and supply use of system functionality and they can use to be able to program with. The .Net framework class library (FCL) affords the core features connected with .Net framework architecture. In .Net Framework class library (FCL) structured in a very hierarchical tree design in fact it is broken down in to Namespaces. Namespaces is a logical grouping regarding forms when it comes to identification. The .Net Framework class library (FCL) provides the steady foundation forms which are utilized all over almost all .Net enable languages. Classes are usually accessed by simply namespaces, which usually reside inside Assemblies. The system Namespace may be the main regarding forms in the .Net framework. The course collection (FCL) lessons are usually managed lessons offering having access to Program Solutions. T his .Net Framework class library (FCL) classes are usually object oriented and also simple to operate with program developments. Additionally, third-party components may include using the classes in the .NET Framework. The particular .Net class library type collection comes with a frequent interface involving each of the various .Net programming languages such as shown in fig 1.1. Following are some important namespaces that are defined in the .NET Framework class library: Namespaces Description System This namespace includes all common data types, string values, arrays, methods for data conversion, and methods related to mathematical operations. System.Data, System.Data.Common, System.Data.OleDb, System.Data.SqlClient, System.Data.SqlTypes These namespaces are used to access a database, perform commands on a database, and retrieve and manipulate a database. System.IO, System.DirectoryServices, System.IO.IsolatedStorage These namespaces are used to access, read, and write files, and retrieve file paths. System.Diagnostics This namespace is used to debug and trace the execution of an application. System.Net, System.Net.Sockets These namespaces are used to communicate over the Internet when creating peer-to-peer applications. System.Windows.Forms, System.Windows.Forms.Design These namespaces are used to create Windows-based applications using Windows user interface components. System.Web, System.WebCaching, System.Web.UI, System.Web.UI.Design, System.Web.UI.WebControls, System.Web.UI.HtmlControls, System.Web.Configuration, System.Web.Hosting, System.Web.Mail, System.Web.SessionState These namespaces are used to create ASP.NET Web applications that execute over the Internet. System.Web.Services, System.Web.Services.Description, System.Web.Services.Configuration, System.Web.Services.Discovery, System.Web.Services.Protocols These namespaces are used to create XML Web services and components that can be published over the Internet. System.Security, System.Security.Permissions, System.Security.Policy, System.WebSecurity, System.Security.Cryptography These namespaces are used for authentication, authorization, and encryption. System.Xml, System.Xml.Schema, System.Xml.Serialization, System.Xml.XPath, These namespaces are used to create and access XML files. Several benefits of .NET framework class library: Consistent programming model: Using .Net being able to access data that has a VB. WEB and a C# .Net looks the same as well as slight syntactical variations. Both programs have to import the system. Data namespace, both the programs generate a connection with the particular database and both the programs work some sort of query and display the data on the data grid. This .Net illustration clarifies that there are some sort of single methods of accomplishing a similar job using the .NET Class Library, an essential element with the .Net framework. This features that the .Net class library gives can be found to every . .Net languages resulting in a consistent object style regardless of the programming language the developer uses. When an application accesses data on a remote machine or even has to execute a privileged task with respect to some sort of non-privileged user, security issue difficulty turns into critical since the application will be able to view data from a remote machine. Having .Net, the particular Framework makes it possible for the particular developer and the system supervisor to be able to specify process levels safety measures. Within web purposes, the developer together with traditional ASP would need to present data from a database in a Webpage. He has to write down the application logic (code) in addition to presentation logic (design) inside same file. ASP .NET and also the. NET framework makes simpler development by making distance between the application logic in addition to presentation logic to make it easy to maintain the code. The design code (presentation logic) and also the actual code (application logic) can be created as a standalone eliminating the requirement to combine Html code together with ASP code. ASP .Net may also deal with the facts regarding sustaining the state of the controls, like contents in a text box, among telephone calls to the same ASP .Net page. In .Net Framework it allows you to be able to easily deploy applications. Throughout the commonest type, to setup an application, almost all you should do is to duplicate the appliance combined with the factors it takes in a directory for the targeted computer. The .Net Framework addresses information involving handling along with filling these factors an application wants, whether or not many designs in the very same software are present for the targeted computer. CLS defines standard rules for defining .Net compliant languages. By naming .NET complaint languages, demonstrate your understanding of this concept. CLS becomes a subset associated with CTS. CTS explains a couple of types that may work with different .Net languages have in accordance, which often make sure that items written in various languages those may socialize with one another. The majority of the members outlined by forms in the .Net framework class library (FCL) are common language specification compliant types. CLS is usually a collection of standard language attributes which .Net languages required to develop application as well as Services, which might be works with the particular .Net platform. When there is a situation to write for communicating objects in different .Net Complaint languages, those objects need to promote the particular attributes that are common to all the languages. CLS ensures total interoperability involving applications, no matter of the language used to develop the application. CLS was designed to assistance language constructs widely used by developers and also to make verifiable code, which enables most CLS-compliant languages to guarantee the safety associated with code. CLS involves features typical to a lot of object-oriented programming languages. CLS identifies the basic necessary regulations for any language targeting common language infrastructure to inter-operate together with some other CLS-compliant languages. For instance, a method together with parameter regarding unsigned int type in an object written throughout C# is not CLS-compliant, just like a number of different languages, including VB.NET, which does not support that type. CLS presents the rules on the compiler of a language, which usually targets the .NET framework. CLS-compliant code would be the program code open along and expressed throughout CLS form. Although various .NET languages are different in their syntactic policies, their compilers make more common intermediate language instructions, which are implemented by CLR. Thats why, CLS allows flexibility throughout making use of non-compliant types in the central implementation involving factors using CLS-compliant requirement. Therefore, CLS functions as a tool intended for integrating unique languages into one particular umbrella within a seamless method. Components which stick to the particular CLS rules and also only use the particular features in the CLS are generally called CLS-compliant parts. A lot of the members defined by types in the. NET Framework class library are generally CLS-compliant. Several types in the class library have got more than one members which might be definitely not CLS-compliant. Most of these members allow support for language features which might be definitely not in the CLS. The types and also members which might be definitely not CLS-compliant a re generally recognized as such in the reference documentation, and also in all of the circumstances some sort of CLS-compliant alternative is available. CLS provides several services such as: Code management Application memory isolation Proof of type security Access to metadata Managing memory for managed objects Enforcement of code access security Automation of object layout Helpful for developer services like debugging, profiling etc CTS Defines rules concerning data types .Net, by giving examples of supported data types, describe what CLR is and its role in .NET architecture. CTS are designed as a singly rooted object hierarchy with System. Object as the base type from which all other types are derived. CTS support two different kinds of types: Value Types: Contain the values that need to be stored directly on the stack or allocated inline in a structure. They can be built-in standard primitive types, user-defined or enumerations like sets of enumerated values that are represented by labels but stored as a numeric type. There are several value types in CTS such as: 1. Structures 2. Enumerations Reference Types: Store a reference to the valueà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“s memory address and are allocated on the heap. Reference types can be any of the pointer types, interface types or self-describing type arrays and class types such as user-defined classes, boxed value types and delegates. There are several Reference types in CTS such as: 1. Classes 2. Interfaces 3. Delegates Although operations on variables of a value type do not affect any other variable, operations on variables of a reference type can affect the same object referred to by another variable. When references are made within the scope of an assembly, two types with the same name but in different assemblies are defined as two distinct types, whereas when using namespaces, the run time recognizes the full name of each type (such as System. Object,System. String, etc.). The rich set of types in CTS has well-designed semantics such that they can be widely used as a base type in Common Language Runtime (CLR) -based languages. This is why all .NET developers must have a thorough understanding of CTS. Describe what CLR is and its role in .NET architecture. Common language Runtime (CLR) is the engine accessible in .Net framework to be able to compile and also run the program. CLR engine will not compile the code into machine code but it will convert the code into a set of instructions. CLR aids developers inside taking care of equally in allocating and also reallocating of memory. This kind of process cleans away a couple of the greatest resources for programmer error like leaks and also memory data corruption. CLR can be great for security functions. CLR produce permissions to some portion dependent on what method it runs in, validates the code based on data like details about code on time load and also the internet site from which portion ended up being received for you to assign permissions using a component-by-component basis. Also, CLR inspections the code to see in the event it is often altered. The particular metadata in a CLR portion can easily contain a digital signature that can be used for you to examine which the portion end ed up being written by true particular person which that hasnt been improved. Some of the benefits of CLR (common language runtime) are: Performance improvements. The ability to easily use components developed in other languages. Extensible types provided by a class library. Language features such as inheritance, interfaces, and overloading for object-oriented programming. Support for explicit free threading that allows creation of multithreaded, scalable applications. Support for structured exception handling. Support for custom attributes. Garbage collection. Use of delegates instead of function pointers for increased type safety and security. Components of CLR (common language runtime): Class loader MSIL ( Microsoft intermediate language) Code manager Garbage collector Security engine Type checker Thread report Debug engine Basic class library Exception manager

Gauss Guns :: physics gauss gun

The theory behind gauss guns is that you can take electrical energy and convert it to kinetic energy by using an electromagnetic energy storage field. In essence, you take a ferrous object (the projectile) and place it at one end of a hollow solenoid. When electricity is applied to the coils inside the solenoid, a magnetic field is generated which pulls the projectile towards the center of the coils. As the projectile reaches the center and continues, the magnetic pull decreases and eventually reverses. Before this happens, you need to either shut off the field, or reverse it. This will allow the particle to continue out the opposite side of the solenoid and beyond, thus being a "gun". This system cannot make for a very powerful projectile without becoming prohibitively draining in terms of power for the coils. But it is possible to line up multiple coils and by carefully timing electrical pulses fire the projectile with much more acceleration. However, in terms of a man-portable "gun", anything beyond a single stage would be too heavy, while a single stage gun that is portable cannot generate too much force. Thus, there are no soldiers carrying Gauss rifles. The formula for Projectile Force from a Gauss Gun F = A*N*I(((ÃŽ ¼0*N*I)/(2*(c)2))+(1/CL)) Breakdown of Formula: F = Final force of projectile, in Newtons A = Area of cross-section of barrel, in meters N = Number of turns in solenoid coil I = Current through coils, in Amperes ÃŽ ¼0 = The permeability of free space (12.5663*10-7) in Teslas c = (ra/2b) Found from measurements in figure 1 C = Quantity of electric charge, in Coulombs (A/s) L = Length of barrel, in meters Using this formula and the mass of your projectile, you can determine the acceleration your projectile will have when exiting the gun. (F=ma) There are too many variables to ever find a perfectly efficient setup for a gauss gun, but it is possible to find various setups that provide a very high level of efficiency. If you are looking to see a gauss gun being used as a weapon, your best bet is too run out and buy some futuristic video game. At this point in time, there are no known (unclassified?) portable weapons that fire with electromagnetic forces. However, some prototype, tabletop sized models have been built, and below you can find some links to see some current experiments in Gauss Gun technology. Sam Barros's POWERLABS currently has built a nice single stage Gauss Gun and there are also developing a powerful multi-stage gun.

Shakespearian tragedy :: essays research papers

By Shakespeare ¡Ã‚ ¦s time, the characteristics of tragedy in drama had been redefined. In the plays of the early Greeks, the tragic hero was a noble man who rose to the heights of success only to be plummeted to defeat and despair by his own tragic flaw, or hamartia. The plot structure in these early tragedies was relatively straightforward; the motive of the dramatist was to elicit pity and terror from the audience through empathy with the tragic hero. What once had been a relatively simple form was gradually altered by playwrights to allow for more depth in characterization, more flexibility in plot structure, and the element of comic relief. Hamlet ¡Ã‚ ¦s situation, for example, is considered a tragic one although it differs from the relatively simple plots found in the earlier Greek tragedies. He is a nobleman, revered by his countrymen, who strives to alter the world around him. Ultimately, he must forfeit his own life to see justice done. The plot that unfolds in Shakespeare ¡Ã‚ ¦s drama includes politics, murder, and domestic strife, but still evokes pity and terror in the audience, precisely as intended by the early tragedians. Students can analyze the elements of tragedy in Hamlet, comparing and contrasting Prince Hamlet ¡Ã‚ ¦s plight with that of tragic heroes in Greek tragedies and in modern tragedies. Suggested modern tragedies for such a comparison include Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, and Mourning Becomes Electra, by Eugene O ¡Ã‚ ¦Neill. The play takes play in Denmark. Young Prince Hamlet has found out that his father Old King Hamlet had been killed by his uncle Claudius, who had taken the throne. The wraith of his dead father pleads for him to revenge his  ¡Ã‚ §death most foul. ¡Ã‚ ¨ Hamlet under great pressure and stress becomes, or acts insane.

New York State Accounting Code of Ethics Essay -- essays research pape

New York State Accounting Code of Ethics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The accounting system is constantly changing. During these changes, it is important for accountants to adhere to the high ethical standards that they have always lived by. Adhering to the high ethical standards is an accountant's obligation to the public, the profession, and themselves. An accountant's ethical conduct usually lies within four different areas. This includes competence, confidentiality, integrity, and objectivity. NYSSCPA.ORG states, "Members also have a continuing responsibility to cooperate with each other to improve the art of accounting, maintain the public's confidence, and carry out the professions special responsibilities for self-governance," (Article 1).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York State expects its accountants to act in a way that will serve the public interest. The public includes clients, credit grantors, governments, employers, investors, the business and financial community, and any other person that relies on the information provided by the accountant. It is the accountant's responsibility to maintain an appropriate level of professional competence through continuing education of their knowledge and skills. New York State also expects its accountants to perform their duties in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, as well as providing clear and complete reports.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is important for accountants to maintain their integrity. Often times, accountants are faced with situations that are questionable. ...

Why Death Is Better Than Life in Prison?

Life in prison. When you look at the death penalty system in action, you realize that the only purpose it serves is retribution or revenge, it is seriously (and intrinsically) flawed in application and that there is a serious and continuing risk of executing innocent people. And, it costs much more than life in prison. Here are some facts about the death penalty system. While these refer to the system in the United States, similar things would apply to other nations as well. 130 people on death rows have been released with proof that they were wrongfully convicted. DNA, available in less than 10% of all homicides, can’t guarantee we won’t execute innocent people. If someone is convicted and later found innocent you can release him from prison, but not from the grave. The death penalty doesn't prevent others from committing murder. No reliable study shows the death penalty deters others. Homicide rates are higher in states and regions that have it than in those that don’t. Life without parole, on the books in 48 states, also prevents reoffending. It means what it says, and spending 23 of 24 hours a day locked in a tiny cell is not a picnic. Life without parole costs less than the death penalty. The death penalty is much more expensive than life in prison, mostly because of the upfront costs of legal process which is supposed to prevent executions of innocent people. (upfront=before and during the initial trial) The death penalty isn't reserved for the worst crimes, but for defendants with the worst lawyers. It doesn't apply to people with money. When is the last time a wealthy person was on death row, let alone executed? Families of murder victims are not unanimous about the death penalty. However, even families who have supported the death penalty in principal have testified that the drawn-out death penalty process is painful for them and that life without parole is an appropriate alternative. Problems with speeding up the process. Over 50 of the innocent people released from death row had already served over a decade. Speed up the process and we will execute innocent people. Sources: Death Penalty Information Center, www. deathpenaltyinfo. org, for stats on executions, reports on costs, deterrence studies, links to FBI crime stats and links to testimony (at state legislatures) of victims' family members.

Portrayal of Teenage Girls in the Media

In the United States of America, citizens possess the privilege to enjoy the freedom of speech and the freedom to express their views and feelings under the protection of the U. S. Constitution. However, there may be a point at which freedom of speech is abused or escalated to an unethical level that may be harmful to the well-being of society, particularly the youth of today and the future leaders of our world. Over the years, the question â€Å"should parents be concerned about the portrayal of teenage girls in the media? † has become a significant controversial moral issue in society.The portrayal of teenage girls in the media is a controversial moral issue because of the cultural sensitivity and the perceived intrusiveness of the subject. This issue primarily concerns the excessiveness of sexual content and unbecoming images of young women exposed through the media. Needless to say, this question leaves many parents ill at ease. Images, perceived norms and new trends are c onsistently being set for how young girls and women must look, act, think, and feel in order to be successful and accepted in today’s society.There has been an ongoing debate concerning moral actions that need to be taken to regulate the appropriateness of age sensitive material being permeated throughout the media. Media is everywhere; it is in classrooms, advertisements, movies, televisions, magazines, newspapers, the internet, the workplace, and in homes all over the country, and it continues to infuse the world and our lives. Media does not only sell tangible products, but also morals, values, concepts of life, and success, and to some extent normalcy (Killing Us Softly 3).Whether positive or negative, consciously or unconsciously, media affects each and every one of us every day. Young girls are being exposed to a supposed ‘ideal’ image of female beauty through the years of media exposure. For example, the notion that the most important thing to a young woma n should be her physical appearance is an idea that is acquired at a very young age. Even before a girl reaches puberty, she is already aware of her physical appearance and the effect it has on her stand in society. Extreme and unhealthy amounts of guilt and shame can follow if the young woman does not achieve that perception (Killing Us Softly 3).Many people in America’s society believe that the media’s unethical behavior is to blame for influencing and even producing some of the nation’s growing problems among teens, such as eating disorders, increased participation in sexual activity, pregnancy rates, rape, increased alcohol consumption and drug use. Others, however, feel that society should not blame the media for the inappropriate behavior and that lack of discipline and morals among teens in today’s society, but rather blame the parents and educators who influence and guide those teens.The majority of parents hold the media responsible for the corru ption of the morals of teenage girls. They believe that the media’s widely unrealistic and unhealthy depiction of young women and what they are supposed to look and behave like in order to be socially accepted and respected has allowed and encouraged teenage girls to become overly consumed in achieving this supposed ideal. Sadly, it has left many girls confused, in danger, or even dead.Supporters of this position argue that â€Å"the mainstream corporate media construct sex and sexuality in ways that limit and hamper girls’ healthy sexual development† (Durham 12). They trust that there is more evidence that the messages teenage girls are getting about sex from media are harmful rather than helpful (12). Intervention began to be a growing demand from the public audience. One potential resolution to this moral issue is to continue revising and producing television and movie ratings that are current, relevant, and constructive to the current images spread through t he media.For example, a ban on commercials and advertisements that objectify women and promote sexual behavior would be effective to alleviate these unethical teen images. The Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) ratings and the TV Parental Guidelines (a TV ratings system designed to give parents more information about the content and age-appropriateness of TV programs) (â€Å"TV†) can be used â€Å"to allow parents to block out programs they do not want their children to see, based on the ratings† (â€Å"TV†) and other personal preferences.These types of sources support and encourage media restrictions and the facilitation of providing cleaner and more appropriate television for children. Promoting a more realistic and healthy body image, lifestyle, and attitude for today’s young women through public service announcements is another form of media that advocates healthy teen behavior. According to supporters of such sources, consumer advocacy and action is a principal task in resolving this problem.People have the power to critique, analyze, challenge, and affirm media messages, and also have the option of turning off, boycotting, and disengaging from media that denigrate or insult girls (Durham 227). Just as producers have the right to produce and distribute these messages, the public audience has the right to question and challenge them. It is both the responsibility and obligation of the American society and the government to ensure a safer, healthier, more promising nation for girls to develop and grow without negative imagery, or false and fabricated ideals being fed to them through media.Nonetheless, these potential resolutions to limiting the indecent exposure of teenage girls in the media predictably stir up opposition. Some people believe that society should not blame the media for the inappropriate behavior and lack of discipline and morals among teens in today’s society, but rather the parents and educators who influence and guide those teens. Also, they argue that not all media is bad media, and consider the idea that adults are biased against teens.They believe that those who oppose their belief have over exaggerated the media’s impact on today’s youth, claiming that â€Å"seeing attractive models [has] become such a familiar experience that exposure no longer produces a reaction strong enough to influence self-perception or ones general sense of hope† (Wagner 120). Meaning, that girls have become desensitized to this kind of imagery that does not psychology affect them as much as some would like to believe.After analyzing and being influenced by both sides of the argument, the leading proposed solution to me would be to alter the ideal image of female beauty and appeal disseminated by the media, then to extensively promote and advertise an improved, healthier, beautiful, and more realistic idea of female beauty. The media’s negative imagery has had an im pact on the majority of today’s youth and is noticeably a serious problem. This impact has infected the minds of young growing girls with unrealistic and dangerous notions of perfection and lifestyle, clearly leaving parents concerned.America’s teenage generation is disregarding moral values and the practice of self-respect, faith, self awareness and the embracing of childhood experiences, and rather engaging in activities involving immoral behavior which are simply not age-appropriate. Although who can blame them, since this type of behavior has become socially acceptable due to the media’s infiltration into America’s homes and spread of images and ideals focused rebellious behavior, sexual active, parental defiance, and distorted imagery of beauty and health.The American society should take action as concerned citizens by voicing their opinions to society and demanding a decrease of the objectification and sexualization of females in the media. Addition ally, since advertising agencies are not going to immediately rid themselves of the negative unethical habits with regard to female imagery in the media, continuing to produce and broadcast understandable and accurate ratings on all television programs, movies and even advertisements is an effective way to inform parents about what their children are watching and being influenced by.Many young girls worry about the contours of their bodies, especially shape, size, and even muscle tone, because of the belief that the body is the ultimate expression of the self and beauty (Durham 128). This kind of mentality can cause long-term physical and mental damage and can push young girls to dangerous limits. Communities should promote extracurricular programs that help young people develop self-esteem based on traits such as ability, talents, character, and academics, rather than simply physical appearance.The need to replace sexualized images with positive images of females endorsing notions other than physical beauty is vital. The goal should be to deliver messages to all adolescents, boys and girls, which lead to healthy, safe and realistic development. Our government has an obligation to protect its citizens from harmful and dangerous things; ultimately, these things are under the government’s control. The negative influences generated by media on young girls should be taken into consideration and should be diminished, even if that means comprising the few positives.This lasting controversy is clearly a conflict between the values of health, safety, self-esteem, and ethical choices of teenage girls on one side, and the support of logical evidence and standpoints and the parental supervision aspect on the other. While promoting positive messages to youth through the media is the ultimate plan and goal for supporting the change in images presented by the young girls about young girls, every solution can back fire.Some may believe that attempting to transform the media is a waste of time because these corporations behind it all will not bend easily since the obvious result and reason for a lack of good conscience is loss of profits and loss of the number one selling point, sex. However, if enough people take a stand and stop buying products with discriminating and insulting ad campaigns, turn off the television shows displaying high school students having sex and doing drugs, stop allowing their children to go see the movies that encourage and reward poor behavior among teens, then a demand will not go nnoticed. This may force those corporations responsible for the media to change this rising controversial moral problem and take us one step closer to having healthier, happier, growing young girls, rather than confused, pressured, unsatisfied, and vulnerable young teenage girls living everyday of their lives engulfed by an array of poor images and trying to live up to a image that is unhealthy, unsafe, unethical, or simply just doesn’ t exist.Works Cited Durham, Gigi. The Lolita Effect. New York: Overlook P, The, 2008. Killing Us Softly 3: Advertising's Image of Women. Dir. Sut Jhally. Perf. Jean Kilbourne. 2001. â€Å"TV Ratings. † The TV Parental Guidelines. 2008. 1 Nov. 2008 . Wagner, Viqi. Eating Disorders. New York: Greenhaven P, Incorporated, 2007.

The Toyota’s Culture

Toyota culture : Toyota Motor Corporation is considered as the world's largest automobile manufacturer . And Toyota’s culture is consider as one of the determinants of its success. Therefore Toyota culture is very famous. Specific Toyota’s culture is condensed The Toyota Way. The Toyota Way is a set of principles and behaviors that underlie the Toyota Motor Corporation's managerial approach and production system. It has two parts : 1 – The first part is called â€Å" The Toyota Way 2001†. It consists of 5 principles in two key areas: continuous improvement, and respect for people. The Toyota Way 2001† is illustrated by the following house : The Toyota Way 2001 We can realize that the Toyota Way 2001 house has two pillars are Continous Improvement and Respect for People. All Toyota members, at every level, are expected to use these values in their daily work and interactions. 1. 1 – Respect for People is a broad commitment. It means respect for all people touched by Toyota including employees, customers, investors, suppliers, dealers, the communities in which Toyota operates and society at large.It has two sub-calegories : – Respect : we respect others, make every effort to understand each other, take responsibility and do our best to build mutual trust. – Teamwork : we stimulate personal professional growth, share the opportunities of development and maximize individual and team performance. 1. 2 – Continuous Improvement is defined as â€Å"we are never satisfied with where we are and always improve our business by putting forth our best ideas and efforts†.It has three sub categories to complete the house : – Challenge : we form a long-term vision meeting challenges with courage and creativity to realize our dream. – Kaizen : we improve our business operations continuously, always driving for innovation and evolution. – Genchi Genbutsu : we believe in going to the source t o find the facts to make correct decisions, build consensus and achieve goals at our best speed. 2 –The second part includes 14 principles that are found out by experts, and are divided into 4 section : 2. 1 Section I : Long-Term Philosophy is Principle 1 : Base your management decisions on a long-term philosophy, even at the expense of short-term financial goals. 2. 2 Section II — The Right Process Will Produce the Right Results includes from principle 2 to principle 8. – Principle 2 : Create a continuous process flow to bring problems to the surface. – Principle 3 : Use â€Å"pull† systems to avoid overproduction. – Principle 4 : Level out the workload ( heijunka ). ( Work like the tortoise, not the hare ). – Principle 5 : Build a culture of stopping the production line to fix problems, to get quality right the first time. Principle 6 : Standardized tasks and processes are the foundation for continuous improvement and employee empow erment. – Principle 7 : Use visual control so no problems are hidden. – Principle 8 : Use only reliable, thoroughly tested technology that serves your people and processes.2. 3 Section III — Add Value to the Organization by Developing Your People includes from principle 9 to principle 11 : – Principle 9 : Grow leaders who thoroughly understand the work, live the philosophy, and teach it to others. Principle 10 : Develop exceptional people and teams who follow your company's philosophy. – Principle 11 : Respect your extended network of partners and suppliers by challenging them and helping them improve. 2. 4 Section IV — Continuously Solving Root Problems Drives Organizational Learning includes from principle 12 to principle 14 : – Principle 12 : Go and see for yourself to thoroughly understand the situation ( Genchi Genbutsu ). – Principle 13 : Make decisions slowly by consensus, thoroughly considering all options; implement de cisions rapidly ( nemawashi ). Principle 14 : Become a learning organization through relentless reflection ( hanse i) and continuous improvement ( kaizen ). Beside â€Å" The Toyota Way 2001† and 14 principles that is covered above, the Toyota culture is also dominated by Japaneses working culture. For example, they favor senior ; they work hard and play hard, they venerate the business card†¦. All of them make success of Toyota Motor Corporation. They are values gold principle that we should study.